Thermophilic bacteria and their thermozymes in composting processes: a review

Abstract In this review, the composting process of organic waste is discussed through an in-depth exploring its thermophilic phase. It starts with highlight on thermodynamic evolution, which needs to be assessed when deciding use reactors for composting, also in context energy generation. The mediated by different types microorganisms, and bacteria that play key roles are evaluated. genera Bacillus Thermus considered, often described as main components microbiota compost. Due their adaptation processes, they candidates technological purposes. Subsequentially, focus moved thermostable enzymes can isolated from them succession during processes. Experimental examples enzyme-related literature reviewed, example investigating proteases ureases, found at beginning process. addition, cellulases, hemicellulases, lignin-modifying enzymes, esterases have been activities phase, giving great potential biotechnological industrial applications. Following, composition microbial community analyzed description approaches metagenomics. Despite it being a relatively new but fast-growing field within biology, intended priority analysis acquire knowledge genomes environmental microorganisms communities. Finally, space dedicated plant treats olive oil wastes LIFE TIRSAV PLUS project (LIFE05 ENV/IT/00845). Through two solutions, Dynamic Static Composting, provides high-quality compost effective, flexible economical Graphical